Hydrogen Orbitals

Exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom.

Principal quantum number n = 1

1234567

Angular momentum l = 0 (s)

Magnetic quantum number m = 0

Energy
Radial nodes
Angular nodes
⟨r⟩
Most probable r
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View

Points 30,000

Point size 1.0

Each dot is a random position drawn from |ψ|². Dense regions are where the electron is most likely to be found.

Enclosed probability 90%

Grid resolution

The surface encloses the chosen fraction of the total probability. Inner shells of high-n orbitals may need a finer grid.

Cutting plane

Contrast 0.35

Brightness shows |ψ|² in the plane. Lower contrast values brighten faint outer lobes.

Options

Color by sign of ψ Show nodal surfaces Show axes Lock zoom when changing orbitals

Keeps the same scale so orbital sizes can be compared directly.

Cutaway

Cuts away part of the orbital to reveal inner shells. Rotate to look into the opening.

How to use

Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom, right-drag to pan. Click a level in the energy diagram to jump to that subshell. Distances are in Bohr radii (a₀ = 52.9 pm).

Computing…

z axis up · drag to rotate

10 a₀

ψ > 0ψ < 0